Laryngopharyngeal reflux

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a medical condition that results from the backflow of stomach contents, including stomach acid and enzymes, into the laryngopharynx.

Symptoms

Symptoms seen in LPR include:

• Hoarseness
• Chronic cough
• Constant throat clearing
• Trouble swallowing
• Feeling like something is "stuck" in the throat
• Burning or pain in the throat
• Voice problems

Causes

LPR occurs when the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) do not work properly. The LES is a muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that acts like a valve between the esophagus and stomach. The UES is a circular band of muscle at the top of the esophagus. When these muscles fail to close, the stomach contents can flow back into the esophagus, causing the LPR symptoms.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of LPR is difficult and may involve tests such as a barium swallow, a probe test, or a pH monitoring test.

Treatment

Treatment for LPR may include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery. Lifestyle changes may include dietary modifications, weight loss, and quitting smoking. Medications may include antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors. Surgery may be considered in severe cases.

See also

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Esophagus
• Stomach

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