Imidacloprid

Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide that acts as an insect neurotoxin and belongs to a class of chemicals called the neonicotinoids which are modeled after nicotine. Imidacloprid is used to control sucking insects, termites, some soil insects, and fleas on pets.

Chemistry

Imidacloprid is a chlorinated compound that is a nitroguanidine derivative. It is colorless to pale yellow and has a slight odor. It is soluble in water and is volatile.

Mode of action

Imidacloprid acts by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses in insects by binding to the nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor. This binding is irreversible and leads to the death of the insect.

Uses

Imidacloprid is used in a variety of settings including in the home, in the garden, and in agriculture. It is used to control pests such as aphids, whiteflies, termites, turf insects, and some beetles. It is also used in veterinary applications for the control of fleas on pets.

Toxicity

Imidacloprid is moderately toxic to humans and other mammals. It can cause skin and eye irritation. If ingested, it can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, it can cause seizures and respiratory failure.

Environmental impact

Imidacloprid is highly toxic to bees and other beneficial insects. It is also toxic to birds and aquatic organisms. It is persistent in the environment and can leach into groundwater.

Regulation

In the United States, imidacloprid is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is classified as a general use pesticide.

See also

• Neonicotinoids
• Pesticide toxicity to bees
• Environmental impact of pesticides

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