Ileus

Ileus is a disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the gastrointestinal tract. Although ileus originally referred to any lack of forward movement of food and fluids through the intestines, the term is now most often used to denote an intestinal obstruction.

Causes

Ileus can be caused by a number of conditions, including:

• Surgery: This is the most common cause of ileus. Any type of abdominal surgery can lead to ileus, including appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and hysterectomy.
• Medications: Certain drugs, such as opioids, can slow down the movement of the intestines.
• Infections: Infections in the abdomen, such as peritonitis, can cause ileus.
• Electrolyte imbalance: Imbalances in potassium, sodium, and chloride can affect muscle contractions in the intestines.
• Diseases: Certain diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, can affect the nerves that control intestinal movement.

Symptoms

The symptoms of ileus can vary, but may include:

• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Constipation
• Abdominal distension
• Lack of appetite

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of ileus is usually made based on the patient's symptoms and a physical examination. Additional tests may include:

• X-ray: An X-ray of the abdomen can show air-filled loops of intestine, which is a sign of ileus.
• CT scan: A CT scan can provide a more detailed image of the intestines and can help identify the cause of the ileus.
• Blood tests: Blood tests can check for signs of infection or electrolyte imbalances.

Treatment

The treatment for ileus depends on the cause. It may include:

• Medication: Drugs that stimulate the intestines, such as metoclopramide, can be used to treat ileus.
• Fluid replacement: Intravenous fluids can be used to correct electrolyte imbalances.
• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be needed to remove the obstruction.

See also

• Gastrointestinal tract
• Intestinal obstruction
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Constipation
• Abdominal distension
• Lack of appetite

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