Hydrazine

Hydrazine is a colorless, oily, fuming liquid with an ammonia-like odor. It is used in many industrial processes. The most common use of hydrazine is as a reducing agent in the development of photographs but it is also used in the production of spandex fibers, pesticides, and in the preparation of gas samples. In addition, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels because of its ability to react with oxygen to produce nitrogen gas and water vapor.

Health Effects

Exposure to hydrazine can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, dizziness, headache, nausea, pulmonary edema, seizures, and coma in humans. It may also damage the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. The liquid is corrosive and may produce dermatitis from skin contact in humans and animals. Effects to the lungs, liver, spleen, and thyroid have been reported in animals chronically (long-term) exposed to hydrazine via inhalation. Increased incidences of lung, nasal cavity, and liver tumors have been observed in rodents exposed to hydrazine.

Exposure

Hydrazine is highly reactive and easily catch fire. Workers in industries where hydrazine is used could be exposed if safety precautions are not followed. In addition, people can be exposed to hydrazine in tobacco smoke, automobile exhaust, and in certain foods and food additives.

Safety Measures

If a person is exposed to hydrazine, steps should be taken to remove the person from the exposure and seek medical attention. If hydrazine is ingested, do not induce vomiting. If hydrazine comes into contact with the skin or eyes, flush with large amounts of water.

References

• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1997. Toxicological Profile for hydrazine. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

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