HT-29

HT-29 is a human colon cancer cell line used extensively in biological and cancer research.<ref name=one>,

 The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health, 
  
 Springer, 
  
  
  
 ISBN 978-3-319-15791-7, 
 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16104-4_11, 
  
  
 Pages: 113–124,</ref>

Characteristics

The p53 protein, shown interacting with a strand of DNA, is overexpressed in HT-29 cells

Initially derived in 1964 by Jorgen Fogh from a 44-year-old Caucasian female, HT-29 cells form a tight monolayer while exhibiting similarity to enterocytes from the small intestine. HT-29 cells overproduce the p53 tumor antigen, but have a mutation in the p53 gene at position 273, resulting in a histidine replacing an arginine. The cells proliferate rapidly in media containing suramin, with corresponding high expression of the c-myc oncogene. However, c-myc is deregulated, but may have a relation with the growth factor requirements of HT-29 cells.<ref name=two />

Applications

In preclinical research, HT-29 cells have been studied for their ability to differentiate and thus simulate real colon tissue in vitro, a characteristic that has made HT-29 useful for epithelial cell research.<ref>,

 HT-29 cells are an in vitro model for the generation of cell polarity in epithelia during embryonic differentiation, 
 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 
 
 Vol. 85(Issue: 1),
 pp. 136–140,
 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.1.136,
 PMID: 3277169,
 PMC: 279498,</ref> The cells can also be tested in vivo via xenografts with rodents. HT-29 cells terminally differentiate into enterocytes with the replacement of glucose by galactose in cell culture, and with the addition of butyrate or acids, the differentiation pathways can be closely studied along with their dependence on surrounding conditions.<ref name=one /> Accordingly, studies of HT-29 cells have shown induced differentation as a result of forskolin, Colchicine, nocodazole, and taxol,<ref>, 
 Induced differentiation in HT29, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, 
 Journal of Cell Science, 
 
 Vol. 112,
 pp. 2657–2666,
 
 PMID: 10413674,</ref> with galactose-mediated differentiation also causing the strengthening of adherens junctions.<ref>, 
 Early enterocytic differentiation of HT-29 cells: biochemical changes and strength increases of adherens junctions, 
 Experimental Cell Research, 
 
 Vol. 299(Issue: 1),
 pp. 498–510,
 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.06.008,
 PMID: 15350547,</ref>

Culturing

Though HT-29 cells can proliferate in cell culture lacking growth factors with a doubling time of around 4 days, the doubling time can be reduced to one day with added fetal bovine serum.<ref name=two>,

 Proliferation of the Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line HT29: Autocrine Growth and Deregulated Expression of the c-myc Oncogene, 
 Cancer Research, 
 
 Vol. 49,
 pp. 6566–6571,
 
 
 
 
 Full text,</ref> The cells have high glucose consumption, and in standard medium containing 25 mM glucose and 10% serum, remain undifferentiated.<ref name=one />

External links

• Cellosaurus entry for HT-29

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