Enterolith

Enterolith is a hard, stone-like mass that forms within the intestines due to the accumulation of mineral salts around a foreign object or piece of indigestible material. This condition is relatively rare in humans, but is more common in certain breeds of horses.

Causes

The formation of an enterolith begins when a foreign object or indigestible material becomes lodged in the intestines. Over time, mineral salts from the digestive process accumulate around this object, forming a hard, stone-like mass. The most common minerals found in enteroliths are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and calcium phosphate.

Symptoms

The symptoms of an enterolith can vary depending on its size and location. Small enteroliths may not cause any symptoms and may pass through the digestive system without being noticed. Larger enteroliths, however, can cause a blockage in the intestines, leading to severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. In severe cases, an enterolith can cause a rupture in the intestinal wall, which is a medical emergency.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of an enterolith is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests. An abdominal X-ray or CT scan can often detect the presence of an enterolith. In some cases, an endoscopy may be performed to visually inspect the intestines.

Treatment

Treatment for an enterolith depends on its size and location. Small enteroliths that are not causing symptoms may not require treatment. Larger enteroliths, or those that are causing symptoms, may need to be removed. This can often be done through endoscopy, but in some cases, surgery may be necessary.

Prevention

Prevention of enteroliths involves maintaining a healthy diet and ensuring adequate hydration to keep the digestive system functioning properly. In horses, feeding a diet low in magnesium and phosphorus can help prevent the formation of enteroliths.

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