Electron donor

Electron Donor

An Electron donor is a chemical entity that donates electrons to another compound. It is a reducing agent that, by virtue of its donating electrons, is itself oxidized in the process.

Overview

Electron donors can be a microorganism, a type of chemical reaction, or a substance such as a mineral or an organic compound. Electron donors are an essential part of redox reactions, also known as oxidation-reduction reactions, which are fundamental to many biological and environmental processes.

Biological Role

In biology, electron donors release energy, which is used to drive chemical reactions. For example, in photosynthesis, water is an electron donor that is oxidized to release energy, which is then used to convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds.

Environmental Role

In the environment, electron donors play a crucial role in the cycling of nutrients. For example, in the process of denitrification, organic matter serves as an electron donor, allowing bacteria to convert nitrate into nitrogen gas.

Chemical Role

In chemistry, electron donors are often used in redox reactions. For example, in a battery, the anode is an electron donor that is oxidized, releasing electrons that flow through a circuit to the cathode.

See Also

• Electron acceptor
• Redox reaction
• Oxidation-reduction reaction
• Photosynthesis
• Denitrification

References

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