Disaccharide

Disaccharide is a type of carbohydrate that consists of two monosaccharide units linked together. Disaccharides are formed when two sugars are joined together and a molecule of water is removed -- a process called dehydration synthesis.

Types of Disaccharides

There are three major types of disaccharides:

1. Sucrose: This is the most common disaccharide and is composed of glucose and fructose. Sucrose is commonly known as table sugar and is derived from sugar cane or sugar beets.
2. Lactose: This disaccharide is composed of glucose and galactose. Lactose is found in milk and dairy products.
3. Maltose: This disaccharide is composed of two glucose molecules. Maltose is found in malt products and is used in brewing beer.

Functions of Disaccharides

Disaccharides serve several functions in the body:

• Energy Source: Like all carbohydrates, disaccharides provide energy for the body. They are broken down into their monosaccharide components in the digestive system, which are then used for energy.
• Energy Storage: Disaccharides can be stored in the body for later use. For example, sucrose is stored in the stems of sugar cane and the roots of sugar beet plants.
• Structural Role: Some disaccharides, like sucrose, play a structural role in plants.

Health Implications

Some people have difficulty digesting certain disaccharides, which can lead to health problems:

• Lactose Intolerance: This is a common condition where the body is unable to fully digest lactose. Symptoms include bloating, diarrhea, and gas.
• Sucrose Intolerance: This is a rare genetic disorder where the body is unable to digest sucrose, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms.

See Also

• Monosaccharide
• Polysaccharide
• Carbohydrate
• Lactose Intolerance
• Sucrose Intolerance

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