Delta-sleep-inducing peptide

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is a neuropeptide that induces sleep. It was first discovered in 1974 by the Swiss Schoenenberger-Monnier group who isolated it from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits in an induced state of sleep. It is a nonapeptide, a peptide composed of nine amino acids, with the sequence Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu.

Function

DSIP is an amphiphilic peptide of molecular weight 850 daltons with the amino acid motif: N-Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu-C. It has been found in both free and bound forms in the hypothalamus, limbic system and pituitary as well as various peripheral organs, tissues and body fluids. In the pituitary it co-localises with many peptide and non-peptide mediators such as corticotropin-like intermediate peptide (CLIP), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH). It is abundant in the gut secretory cells and in the pancreas where it co-localises with glucagon.

In the brain its action may be mediated by NMDA receptors. In another study Delta sleep-inducing peptide stimulated Acetyltransferase activity through α1 receptors in rats. It is unknown where DSIP is synthesized.

Clinical significance

In addition to sleep, DSIP has been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-stress, hypothermic and other effects. It has been shown to enhance slow-wave sleep in humans and other animals. It has been tested for its use in the treatment of withdrawal symptoms in alcohol abuse, and is also used in a preparation to aid in childbirth.

See also

• Neuropeptide
• Sleep
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland
• NMDA receptor
• Acetyltransferase

References

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