C3a (complement)

C3a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C3 gene. It is a part of the complement system, a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogen's cell membrane. C3a is one of the proteins formed by the cleavage of complement component 3.

Structure

C3a is a small protein fragment that is released during the activation of the complement system. It is composed of 77 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 9 kDa.

Function

C3a plays a crucial role in the immune response. It is involved in the chemotaxis of immune cells, the release of histamine from mast cells, and the regulation of the immune response. C3a is also known to have a role in the regulation of the inflammatory response.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the C3a protein have been associated with a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. In particular, elevated levels of C3a have been found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

See also

• Complement component 3
• Complement system
• C3a receptor

References

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External links

• UniProt: P01024

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