All-on-4

File:3D All-on-4 technique.ogv The term All-on-4 refers to "all" teeth being supported "on four" dental implants, a surgical and technique prosthodontics procedure<ref>,

 The All-on-Four Treatment Concept: A Systematic Review, 
 Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 
 
 Vol. 16,
 pp. 836–855,
 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12068,
 PMID: 23560986,</ref><ref>, 
 Implanting the edentulous jaws with "All-on-4" immediate reconstruction: a preliminary clinical observation, 
 Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao, 
 
 Vol. 46,
 pp. 720–6,
 
 PMID: 25331394,</ref> for total rehabilitation of the edentulous patient or for patients with badly broken down teeth, decayed teeth or compromised teeth due to gum disease. It consists of the rehabilitation of either edentulous or dentate maxilla and/or mandible with fixed prosthesis by placing four implants in the anterior maxilla, where bone density is higher. The four implants support a fixed prosthesis with 10 to 14 teeth and it is placed immediately, typically within 24 hours of surgery.

Implant manufacturer Nobel Biocare was among the first to identify the evolution of the All-on-4 technique as a potential valid and cost-effective alternative to conventional implant techniques, and funded studies by Portuguese dentist Paulo Maló<ref>,

 'All-on-Four' Immediate-Function Concept with Brånemark System Implants for Completely Edentulous Mandibles: A Retrospective Clinical Study, 
 Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 
 2003,
 Vol. 5,
 pp. 2–9,
 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2003.tb00010.x,
 PMID: 12691645,</ref>  to determine the efficacy of this approach. During this time this technique was also used by various other clinicians around the world.

All-on-4 is not an invention, but rather a treatment technique that has evolved over time and has the following features:

• four dental implants to support a full fixed bridge (documented since 1977<ref name=":0">Per-Ingvar,

 Osseointegrated Implants in the Treatment of the Edentulous Jaw, 
  
 Sweden:Almquivist & Weksell International, 
 1977, 
  
  
 ISBN 91-22-00128-X, 
  
  
  
 Pages: 79, 81, 83,</ref>)

• the use of angulated implants in the back to overcome bony deficiencies or anatomical structures (documented since 1990<ref>Kallus, T,

 Clinical evaluation of angulated abutments for the Brånemark system: a pilot study., 
 Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 
 
 Vol. 5,
 pp. 39–45,
 
 PMID: 2202668,</ref>)

• immediate loading (documented since 1990<ref>Lefkove, MD,

 Immediate loading of cylinder implants with overdentures in the mandibular symphysis: the titanium plasma-sprayed screw technique., 
 J Oral Implantol, 
 
 Vol. 16,
 pp. 265–71,
 
 PMID: 2098572,</ref>)

The concept itself of the total rehabilitation of a full set of teeth supported by as few as four fixtures was not a new one. Professor P-I Branemark,<ref name=":0"/> who discovered osseointegration, published numerous articles in the 1970s with successful rehabilitation of a full arch supported by this number of fixtures. However, it was the angulation of the back implants that led to today's All-on-4, and has been trialed by numerous clinicians simultaneously in the United States, Sweden, Portugal, and South America in the 1990s. The technique evolved when in an attempt to avoid certain anatomical limitations typically seen in the back of the upper and lower jaws have, clinicians successfully avoided bone-deficient areas with the use of angulated implants. Anatomical limitations are more prevalent in patients with full dentures, and once the back implants are placed at an angle there is often only enough room left for two more implants in the front. This has led to the use of only four fixtures to support a full set of teeth.

• 
  This image shows how Nobel Biocare's All-on-4 solution works.

References

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