Canine parvovirus

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects dogs. The virus manifests itself in two different forms. The more common form, intestinal parvovirus, is characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and lack of appetite. The less common form, cardiac parvovirus, attacks the heart muscles of very young puppies, often leading to death.

Transmission

Canine parvovirus is transmitted by direct contact with an infected dog, or indirectly, by the fecal-oral route. Heavy concentrations of the virus are found in an infected dog's stools, so when a healthy dog sniffs an infected dog's stools, it will contract the disease.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Canine parvovirus include lethargy, severe vomiting, loss of appetite, and bloody, foul-smelling diarrhea that can lead to life-threatening dehydration.

Diagnosis

Canine parvovirus can be diagnosed by a physical examination, biochemical tests, urine analysis, abdominal radiographs, and abdominal ultrasounds. A fecal examination can also confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment of Canine parvovirus involves intensive supportive care to combat dehydration by replacing electrolyte, protein and fluid losses, controlling vomiting and diarrhea, and preventing secondary infections. Sick dogs should be kept warm and receive good nursing care. When a dog develops parvo, treatment can be very expensive, and the dog may die despite aggressive treatment.

Prevention

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent Canine parvovirus. Puppies should receive their first vaccines at 6-8 weeks of age and should be boostered every three weeks until they are 16 weeks of age.

See also

• Dog health
• Viral diseases of the dog
• Canine vaccines

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