Lymph capillary

Lymph capillary

A lymph capillary or lymphatic capillary is a tiny, blind-ended vessel found in the spaces between cells throughout the body except in the bone marrow and central nervous system. They form a major part of the lymphatic system, which contributes to the immune system's role in body defense.

Etymology

The term "lymph" comes from the Latin word lympha, which means "connected to water", while "capillary" is derived from capillus, the Latin word for "hair".

Structure

Lymph capillaries are slightly larger in diameter than blood capillaries, and their unique structure permits interstitial fluid to flow into them but not out. The ends of the endothelial cells that make up the wall of a lymph capillary are not joined together, they overlap. The pressure of the interstitial fluid is enough to separate the overlapping cells at the end of the capillary, allowing the fluid to enter the capillary. When the pressure inside the capillary exceeds that of the interstitial fluid, the cells adhere more closely, preventing any fluid from leaving.

Function

The primary function of lymph capillaries is to absorb and transport lymph throughout the body. Lymph is a clear fluid that originates from blood plasma leaked into the tissues, and it carries cells that help fight infection and disease. The lymph capillaries carry the lymph fluid to larger lymph vessels, which eventually return the fluid to the bloodstream via the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct.

Clinical significance

Damage or blockage of lymph capillaries can lead to a condition known as lymphedema, which results in swelling in the arms and legs. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including cancer treatments, certain surgeries, or inherited conditions.

See also

• Lymphatic system
• Lymphedema
• Lymphatic vessel
• Lymph node

References

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