Sacral splanchnic nerves

Sacral splanchnic nerves are branches of the sacral plexus that connect to the inferior hypogastric plexus. They are part of the autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic nervous system, and play a role in the innervation of the pelvis and viscera.

Etymology

The term "splanchnic" is derived from the Greek word "splanchnon," which means "viscera" or "internal organs." This reflects the nerves' role in innervating the internal organs of the pelvis.

Structure

Sacral splanchnic nerves arise from the sacral part of the sympathetic trunk, which is a part of the autonomic nervous system. They then join the inferior hypogastric plexus. The exact number and origin of these nerves can vary.

Function

The sacral splanchnic nerves, like other splanchnic nerves, carry preganglionic sympathetic fibers. These nerves contribute to the innervation of various pelvic organs, including the distal colon, rectum, bladder, and genitalia. They play a role in functions such as the contraction of the rectal and bladder sphincters and the dilation of the arteries in the genitalia.

Clinical significance

Due to their role in innervating various pelvic organs, damage to the sacral splanchnic nerves can lead to a range of clinical issues. These can include urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and chronic pelvic pain. Understanding the anatomy and function of these nerves can therefore be important in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.

See also

• Splanchnic nerves
• Sacral plexus
• Inferior hypogastric plexus
• Autonomic nervous system

References

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