Mammary alveolus

Mammary alveolus is a small cavity or sac found in the mammary gland of mammals. It is the basic unit of milk production and is lined by epithelial cells that secrete milk.

Etymology

The term "alveolus" is derived from the Latin word "alveus", which means "small cavity" or "hollow". The term "mammary" is derived from the Latin word "mamma", which means "breast".

Structure

Mammary alveoli are spherical in shape and are surrounded by a network of myoepithelial cells. These cells contract under the influence of the hormone oxytocin, causing milk to be ejected into the ducts and then to the nipple.

Each alveolus is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells, which are responsible for the secretion of milk. These cells are supported by a basement membrane and are surrounded by a network of capillaries, which supply the cells with nutrients and remove waste products.

Function

The primary function of the mammary alveolus is the production and secretion of milk. This process is regulated by several hormones, including prolactin, which stimulates milk production, and oxytocin, which triggers the contraction of myoepithelial cells and the release of milk.

Related Terms

• Mammary gland: The organ in mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.
• Epithelial cells: The cells that line the surfaces of organs and structures throughout the body.
• Myoepithelial cells: The cells that form a layer around the alveoli and ducts in the mammary gland.
• Oxytocin: A hormone that plays a role in social bonding, sexual reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth.
• Prolactin: A hormone produced in the pituitary gland that stimulates milk production.

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