Superior cardiac nerve

Superior cardiac nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve that contributes to the cardiac plexus. The nerve originates from the cervical ganglia and descends to the heart, providing parasympathetic innervation.

Etymology

The term "superior cardiac nerve" is derived from the Latin words "superior" meaning upper, "cardiacus" meaning relating to the heart, and "nervus" meaning nerve. Thus, the term literally translates to "upper nerve of the heart".

Anatomy

The superior cardiac nerve arises from the superior cervical ganglion. It descends along the side of the neck and chest to reach the heart. It is typically found in close proximity to the common carotid artery and the subclavian artery. The nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart, influencing heart rate and contractility.

Function

The superior cardiac nerve, as part of the parasympathetic nervous system, helps to control the heart rate. It does this by releasing acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that slows down the heart rate. This nerve also influences the contractility of the heart, meaning it affects how strongly the heart muscle contracts.

Clinical significance

Damage to the superior cardiac nerve can result in a condition known as cardiac dysrhythmia, which is an abnormal heart rhythm. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including heart disease, certain medications, and stress. Treatment for this condition typically involves addressing the underlying cause.

Related terms

• Inferior cardiac nerve: This nerve also contributes to the cardiac plexus and provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart.
• Cardiac plexus: This is a network of nerves situated near the base of the heart that is responsible for its autonomic innervation.
• Vagus nerve: This is the tenth cranial nerve and one of the most important nerves in the body. It provides parasympathetic control to many organs, including the heart.

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