Intercostal arteries

Intercostal arteries are a group of arteries that supply the area between the ribs ("intercostal" space). The term "intercostal" is derived from the Latin "inter" (between) and "costa" (rib).

Anatomy

The intercostal arteries are divided into three groups: the supreme intercostal artery, the posterior intercostal arteries, and the anterior intercostal arteries.

• The Supreme intercostal artery is a branch of the costocervical trunk, which is itself a branch of the subclavian artery. It usually gives rise to the first and second posterior intercostal arteries.

• The Posterior intercostal arteries are usually nine in number on either side, and are derived from the thoracic aorta, except the first two, which are branches of the supreme intercostal artery.

• The Anterior intercostal arteries are derived from the internal thoracic artery and its continuation, the musculophrenic artery.

Function

The intercostal arteries, along with the intercostal veins and intercostal nerves, run in the subcostal groove located at the lower edge of each rib, supplying blood to and draining blood from the intercostal muscles and the overlying skin and parietal pleura.

Clinical significance

Damage to the intercostal arteries can result in significant bleeding, as these arteries are relatively large and have high blood flow. This can occur due to trauma, surgical procedures involving the chest wall, or certain medical conditions such as an aortic dissection.

See also

• Intercostal space
• Intercostal muscles
• Intercostal veins
• Intercostal nerves

References

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