Lactase

Lactase

Lactase is an enzyme crucial for the digestive system of humans and many other mammals. It is responsible for breaking down lactose, the sugar found in milk, into glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream. Lactase allows individuals to digest dairy products efficiently, playing a vital role in nutrition from infancy through adulthood.

Function and Location

Lactase is predominantly found in the small intestine's lining, where it is produced by the enterocytes. Its primary function is to hydrolyze lactose, facilitating the digestion of dairy products.

Diagram showing lactase breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose.

Biological Importance

Lactase is essential for mammals, particularly in early life stages, allowing for the digestion of mother's milk. In many humans, lactase production decreases significantly after weaning, leading to lactose intolerance in adulthood. However, a mutation that results in continued lactase production into adulthood has become prevalent in populations with a long history of dairy consumption.

Genetic Aspects

The persistence of lactase production into adulthood, known as lactase persistence, is governed by genetic variations near the lactase gene, LCT, on chromosome 2. These genetic differences are a classic example of human adaptation to dietary changes.

Illustration of genetic variation associated with lactase persistence.

Lactose Intolerance

Lactose intolerance results from the body's reduced ability to produce lactase, leading to symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and gas upon the consumption of dairy products. Managing lactose intolerance typically involves dietary adjustments or the use of lactase supplements.

Lactase Supplements

For individuals with lactose intolerance, lactase supplements are available to help digest lactose. These supplements are taken orally, often just before consuming dairy products, to aid in lactose digestion.

Lactase supplements.

Role in Dairy Product Processing

Lactase is also used industrially in the processing of dairy products, such as in the production of lactose-free milk and dairy products, making them suitable for lactose-intolerant individuals.

Research and Developments

Ongoing research focuses on understanding the genetic basis of lactase persistence and developing improved treatments and dietary strategies for lactose intolerance.

External Links

• NCBI Gene - LCT (lactase)
• Genetics Home Reference - Lactose Intolerance

References

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• Genetics and Evolution of Lactase Persistence by Johnson and Wright
• Lactose Intolerance and Health by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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