Sunburn

Sunburn

Introduction

Sunburn is an inflammatory reaction of the skin to excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, primarily from the sun. It is characterized by red, painful skin that may blister in severe cases.

Causes

Sunburn is caused by overexposure to UV radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. The amount of UV radiation absorbed by the skin depends on the strength of the light, duration of exposure, and the skin's natural pigment.

Symptoms and Signs

Common symptoms of sunburn include:

• Red, tender skin that is warm to the touch.
• Pain and itching.
• Swelling.
• In severe cases, blistering and peeling skin.

Severe sunburn with blistering.

Pathophysiology

UV radiation penetrates the outer layers of the skin and damages the DNA in skin cells, triggering an inflammatory response. This leads to increased blood flow to the affected area, causing redness and heat.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Applying broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF.
• Wearing protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses.
• Seeking shade during peak sun hours.
• Avoiding tanning beds.

Treatment

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and includes:

• Cool baths or compresses.
• Moisturizers and aloe vera.
• Over-the-counter pain relief.
• Hydration to replace fluid loss.

Complications and Long-term Effects

Repeated sunburns increase the risk of:

• Premature skin aging.
• Skin cancers, including melanoma.
• Eye damage, such as cataracts.

Awareness and Education

Public health campaigns focus on raising awareness about the risks of UV exposure and the importance of sun protection, especially for children.

External Links

• [Link to a dermatological resource on sunburn and skin care]
• [Link to a health advisory on UV protection and sunburn prevention]

References

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