Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Immunological Responses and Prion Diseases

Introduction

This article provides an overview of several key concepts in immunology and pathology, including IgE-mediated allergic reactions, the role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), prion diseases, mast cell activation, and the release of inflammatory mediators.

IgE-Mediated Allergic Reactions

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a crucial role in allergic reactions. When specific antigens (allergens) cross-link IgE on mast cell surfaces, it triggers the release of inflammatory mediators.

Mast cells releasing histamine.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

PRRs are crucial for the innate immune system, recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiating immune responses. They are found on the surface of phagocytes or within intracellular compartments.

Prion Diseases

Prion diseases are a group of degenerative brain disorders caused by prions, misfolded proteins that induce normal proteins in the brain to also misfold. This process leads to neuron death and severe neurological symptoms.

Illustration of prion replication in the brain.

Mast Cells and Inflammatory Mediators

Mast cells, upon activation by various stimuli including IgE-antigen interaction, release a range of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, cytokines, and proteases, playing a key role in allergic responses.

Prion Diseases and Neurodegeneration

Prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease), are characterized by rapid neurodegeneration leading to severe brain damage and death.

External Links

• [Link to an immunology resource on IgE and allergic reactions]
• [Link to a resource on Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)]
• [Link to a medical overview of prion diseases]

References

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