Anisakis

Anisakis

Anisakis is a genus of parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Anisakidae. Species within this genus are known for causing Anisakiasis, a parasitic infection in humans. The life cycle of Anisakis involves fish, crustaceans, and marine mammals, with humans becoming incidental hosts through the consumption of infested fish.

Anisakis simplex, a common species of Anisakis

Characteristics

Anisakis nematodes are characterized by their thread-like appearance and are primarily found in the marine environment. They are known for their complex life cycle that includes multiple hosts.

Life Cycle

The typical life cycle of Anisakis involves:

• Eggs being released into the sea by infected marine mammals.
• The larvae hatching and being eaten by crustaceans.
• Infected crustaceans being consumed by fish or squid, where the larvae then migrate to the muscles.
• Marine mammals eating the infected fish, thus continuing the cycle.
• Humans become accidental hosts when consuming raw or undercooked fish containing Anisakis larvae.

Human Infection - Anisakiasis

Anisakiasis is the disease caused by the ingestion of Anisakis larvae. Symptoms may include:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Allergic reactions in some individuals

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis typically involves endoscopy and the visual identification of the parasite. Treatment usually involves removal of the larvae via endoscopy and sometimes surgical intervention in severe cases.

Prevention

Prevention of anisakiasis involves:

• Adequately cooking fish
• Freezing fish at -20°C (-4°F) for at least 24 hours

External Links

• CDC: Anisakiasis
• World Health Organization: Food Safety

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