Ilizarov apparatus

Ilizarov Apparatus

The Ilizarov apparatus in use for limb lengthening.

The Ilizarov apparatus is a specialized external fixation device used in orthopedic surgery for limb lengthening, reshaping limb bones, treating complex bone fractures, and managing infected nonunions. Named after its inventor, Soviet orthopedic surgeon Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov, this technique has revolutionized treatments in orthopedic and reconstructive surgery.

History

Developed by Dr. Gavriil Ilizarov in the mid-20th century, the apparatus was initially used for treating soldiers with wartime injuries. Its success led to widespread adoption in orthopedic surgery.

Design

The Ilizarov apparatus consists of:

• Circular metal frames attached to the limb by wires and pins
• Adjustable rods connecting the frames, allowing for gradual bone manipulation

Applications

The device is employed in various orthopedic procedures, including:

• Lengthening of limbs
• Reshaping of deformed bones
• Treatment of complex fractures
• Correction of infected nonunions

Procedure

• The apparatus is attached externally with pins and wires inserted into the bone.
• Bone segments are gradually moved or lengthened by adjusting the connecting rods.
• New bone growth is stimulated in the gap, a process known as distraction osteogenesis.

Advantages

• Minimal invasive technique
• Ability to correct complex deformities
• Facilitates bone healing and growth

Challenges

• Requires patient compliance and rigorous care
• Risk of pin-site infections
• Long treatment duration

External Links

• National Library of Medicine: The Ilizarov Method
• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Limb Lengthening

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