Lung abscess

Lung Abscess

X-ray image of a lung abscess

A lung abscess is a type of pulmonary lesion characterized by the formation of a bacterial, fungal, or parasitic abscess within the lung parenchyma. It is often a complication of serious underlying conditions and requires prompt medical attention.

Definition and Overview

A lung abscess is a pus-filled cavity in the lung surrounded by inflamed tissue. It is typically caused by an infection, leading to the necrosis of pulmonary tissue.

Causes

Various conditions can lead to the development of a lung abscess, including:

Aspiration Pneumonia

Occurs when food, saliva, liquids, or vomit are inhaled into the lungs, leading to infection.

Necrotizing Pneumonia

A severe form of bacterial pneumonia that destroys areas of lung tissue.

Necrotizing Malignant Tumors

Certain types of cancer can lead to necrosis and abscess formation in the lung.

Wegener's Granulomatosis

Now known as Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), this is an autoimmune condition that can cause lung abscesses.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a lung abscess may include:

• Persistent cough
• Fever and chills
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Coughing up blood

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a lung abscess involves several steps:

Imaging Tests

• Chest X-rays
• CT scans

Laboratory Tests

• Blood tests
• Sputum culture

Treatment

Treatment for a lung abscess typically involves:

Antibiotics

Long-term antibiotic therapy is the primary treatment for bacterial lung abscesses.

Drainage

Surgical drainage of a lung abscess

In some cases, surgical intervention may be required to drain the abscess.

Complications

Untreated lung abscesses can lead to serious complications, including:

• Sepsis
• Hemorrhage
• Spread of infection to other parts of the body

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Prompt treatment of pneumonia and other lung infections
• Vaccinations
• Avoidance of smoking

References

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