Aldosterone

Aldosterone

Aldosterone molecular structure

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, in the adrenal gland. It plays a pivotal role in regulating sodium and potassium balance, and thus, has significant implications on blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.

Function

Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron (functional unit of the kidney) to:

• Increase Sodium Reabsorption: This leads to water reabsorption, thereby increasing the blood volume and blood pressure.
• Increase Potassium Excretion: To maintain electrolyte balance.

The secretion of Aldosterone is primarily regulated by the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS).

Clinical Significance

• Hyperaldosteronism: Excess production of Aldosterone can lead to hypertension and hypokalemia.
• Addison's disease: A deficiency in Aldosterone production can result in low blood pressure and hyperkalemia.
• Aldosterone antagonists: Medications such as spironolactone and eplerenone block the effects of Aldosterone and are used to treat conditions like heart failure and hypertension.

See Also

• Adrenal gland
• Hypertension
• Potassium homeostasis

References

• "Aldosterone and its physiological roles" - Journal of Endocrinology.
• "Clinical aspects of hyperaldosteronism" - Endocrine Reviews.