Sensory processing disorder

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition that affects how the brain processes sensory information from the environment, leading to challenges in performing everyday tasks. It can significantly impact a person's quality of life and commonly co-occurs with other conditions such as autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Autism Aspect Sensory Sensitivity 1

Introduction

Sensory Processing Disorder refers to a difficulty in the way the brain processes sensory information, leading to abnormal responses to ordinary sensory experiences. People with SPD may be over-responsive or under-responsive to sensory stimuli, or may have difficulty with sensory motor skills.<ref>Miller, L. J., et al. (2007). Sensory Processing Disorder: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 22(6), 518-526.</ref>

Symptoms and Types

• Symptoms of SPD can vary widely depending on the individual and the type of SPD they have. The three primary types of SPD are:
• Sensory Modulation Disorder: This is characterized by over- or under-reaction to sensory stimuli.
• Sensory-Based Motor Disorder: This involves difficulty with balance, motor coordination, and the performance of motor tasks.
• Sensory Discrimination Disorder: This is marked by difficulty interpreting subtle characteristics of objects, such as distinguishing between similar sounds, shapes, textures, etc.<ref>Dunn, W.. (2007). Supporting children to participate successfully in everyday life by using sensory processing knowledge. Infants & Young Children, 20(2), 84-101.</ref>

Causes

The exact cause of SPD is not known, but it is believed to be a neurological issue. Research has suggested a genetic component, as the condition often runs in families. Prenatal and birth complications, as well as environmental factors, have also been associated with SPD.<ref>Miller, L. J., & Nielsen, D. M. (2012). Sensational Kids: Hope and Help for Children with Sensory Processing Disorder. Penguin Books.</ref>

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SPD typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a trained occupational therapist. This assessment may include standardized testing, structured observation, and parent or teacher interviews.<ref>Parham, L. D., & Ecker, C. (2013). Sensory Processing Measure (SPM). Western Psychological Services.</ref>

Treatment

Treatment for SPD usually involves occupational therapy with a sensory integration approach, in which a person is engaged in meaningful activities that provide sensory stimulation. The goal is to improve the brain's ability to process sensory information. Other interventions, such as physical therapy or speech-language therapy, may also be beneficial depending on the individual's needs.<ref>Schaaf, R. C., & Nightlinger, K. M. (2007). Occupational Therapy Using a Sensory Integrative Approach for Children with Developmental Disabilities. Mental Health Special Interest Section Quarterly, 30(3), 1-4.</ref>

See Also

• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Occupational therapy
• Neurodevelopmental disorders

References

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