Colloid cyst

Not to be confused with Choledochal cysts.

Colloid cyst
File:Colloid Cyst HE 40x.jpg
Synonyms
Pronounce
Field
Symptoms
Complications
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes
Risks
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency
Deaths

File:Colloid Cyst Cat scan GIF.gif

CT scan of a 1 cm colloid cyst

A colloid cyst is a tumor containing gelatinous material in the brain. It is almost always found just posterior to the foramen of Monro in the anterior aspect of the third ventricle, originating from the roof of the ventricle. Because of its location, it can cause obstructive hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure. Colloid cysts represent 0.5–1.0% of intracranial tumors.<ref>Peeters, Sophie M.,

 Spontaneous Regression of a Third Ventricle Colloid Cyst, 
 World Neurosurgery, 
 
 Vol. 90,
 pp. 704.e19–22,
 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.116,
 PMID: 26968449,</ref>

Symptoms can include headache, vertigo, memory deficits, diplopia, behavioral disturbances, and in extreme cases, sudden death. Intermittency of symptoms is characteristic of this lesion.<ref>,

 Unexpected death after headache due to a colloid cyst of the third ventricle, 
 World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 
 
 Vol. 4,
 pp. 47,
 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-4-47,
 PMID: 16867192,
 PMC: 1550234,</ref> Untreated pressure caused by these cysts can result in brain herniation.<ref>

Cysts(link). American Brain Tumor Association. American Brain Tumor Association.

</ref> Colloid cyst symptoms have been associated with four variables: cyst size, cyst imaging characteristics, ventricular size, and patient age. Their developmental origin is unclear, though they may be of endodermal origin, which would explain the mucin-producing, ciliated cell type. These cysts can be surgically resected, and opinion is divided about the advisability of this.

Symptoms

Patients with third-ventricular colloid cysts become symptomatic when the tumor enlarges rapidly, causing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obstruction, ventriculomegaly, and increased intracranial pressure. Some cysts enlarge more gradually, however, allowing the patient to accommodate the enlarging mass without disruption of CSF flow, and the patient remains asymptomatic. In these cases, if the cyst stops growing, the patient can maintain a steady state between CSF production and absorption and may not require neurosurgical intervention.<ref>,

 A theory on the natural history of colloid cysts of the third ventricle., 
 Journal of Neurosurgery, 
 
 Vol. 46,
 pp. 1077-81; discussion 1081-3,
 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200005000-00010,
 PMID: 10807239,</ref>

Diagnosis

File:Colloid Cyst.svg

This is an image of a regular brain and a brain with a colloid cyst.

Colloid cysts can be diagnosed by symptoms presented. Additional testing is required and the colloid cyst symptoms can resemble those of other diseases. MRI and CT scans are often used to confirm diagnosis.<ref>Turillazzi, Emanuela,

 Colloid cyst of the third ventricle, hypothalamus, and heart: a dangerous link for sudden death, 
 Diagnostic Pathology, 
 
 Vol. 7,
 pp. 144,
 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-144,
 PMID: 23078815,
 PMC: 3502434,</ref>

Treatment

Various management options exist depending on the severity of symptoms and their effects on the patient. The main management options are observation, craniotomy for microsurgical resection, neuroendoscopic removal, stereotactic drainage, and CSF diversion with bilateral ventriculoperitoneal shunting placement.<ref name="pmid20559107">,

 Full Scope of Options, 
 Journal of Neurosurgery, 
 
 Vol. 67(Issue: 1),
 pp. 197–205,
 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000370602.15820.e4,
 PMID: 20559107,
 PMC: 2888508,</ref>

Surgical resection

Multiple studies have discussed how to remove a colloid cyst. One option is an endoscopic removal. An endoscope is inserted into the brain via a small incision and then moved toward the tumor in the ventricular compartment. The tumor is hit with an electric current. The interior of the cyst is removed followed by the cyst wall. The electric current is then used to kill the remaining pieces of the cyst. This whole process, including closing of the incision and removal of the scope, is completed within 45 minutes to an hour. The patients are able to leave the hospital after 1 or 2 days.<ref>Colloid Cyst – New York Presbyterian Hospital. Nyp.org. Retrieved on 2013-08-15.</ref> Another study found that ventriculomegaly may not be a contraindication for endoscopic removal, as the condition has comparable complication rates.<ref>,

 Endoscopic Colloid Cyst Resection in the Absence of Ventriculomegaly, 
 Neurosurgery, 
 2013,
 Vol. 73(Issue: 1 Suppl Operative),
 pp. 1,
 DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182870980,
 PMID: 23334281,</ref> Another study experimented with a smaller retractor tube, 12 mm instead of 16–22 mm. The surgery was successful in removing the cyst; the smaller retractor tube minimized resection injury.

Neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy during surgery can be used to prevent further postoperative hydrocephalus. This removes the need for insertion of bilateral shunts.<ref name="pmid20559107" />

Further reading

• ,

 Huge colloid cyst: Case report and review of unusual forms, 
 Acta Neurochirurgica, 
 2004,
 Vol. 146(Issue: 4),
 pp. 397–401; discussion 401,
 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-004-0221-8,
 PMID: 15057535,

• ,

 Hemorrhagic colloid cyst, 
 Surgical Neurology, 
 2006,
 Vol. 65(Issue: 1),
 pp. 84–6,
 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2005.03.034,
 PMID: 16378869,

• ,

 Colloid cyst headache, 
 Current Pain and Headache Reports, 
 2004,
 Vol. 8(Issue: 4),
 pp. 297–300,
 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-004-0011-2,
 PMID: 15228889,

• ,

 Familial colloid cyst, 
 Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 
 2014,
 Vol. 21(Issue: 3),
 pp. 533–535,
 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.08.012,

• Melbourne Neurosurgery