Myxedema

Myxedema is a term used in medicine to describe a severe form of hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland. The term is often used interchangeably with hypothyroidism, but myxedema specifically refers to a severe and life-threatening form of the condition.

Symptoms

The symptoms of myxedema can vary widely and may include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and depression. In severe cases, myxedema can lead to a life-threatening condition known as myxedema coma, which is characterized by decreased breathing, low blood pressure, low body temperature, and unresponsiveness.

Causes

Myxedema is most commonly caused by an underactive thyroid gland, which can be due to a variety of factors including autoimmune disease, certain medications, and surgical removal of the thyroid gland. Other causes can include pituitary or hypothalamic disease, severe illness, or certain medications.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of myxedema is typically based on a combination of physical examination findings and laboratory tests. These tests may include measurements of thyroid hormone levels in the blood, as well as imaging studies of the thyroid gland.

Treatment

Treatment for myxedema typically involves replacement of the missing thyroid hormone, usually with a medication called levothyroxine. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for intensive care and treatment.

See also

• Hypothyroidism
• Thyroid gland
• Levothyroxine

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