Polymicrogyria

Polymicrogyria is a condition characterized by abnormal development of the brain before birth. The surface of the brain normally has many ridges or folds, called gyri. In people with polymicrogyria, the brain develops too many folds, and the folds are unusually small. The name of this condition means many (poly-) small (micro-) folds (-gyria) in the brain.

Causes

Polymicrogyria is thought to result from multiple causes, some of which may be genetic. Other possible causes include intrauterine infections, ischemic events (such as strokes), and toxic exposures during pregnancy.

Symptoms

Symptoms of polymicrogyria can vary widely, depending on how much of the brain, and which areas of the brain, are affected. Some people with polymicrogyria have minimal neurological problems, while others may have significant intellectual disabilities. Seizures are common in people with polymicrogyria. They can be resistant to treatment and can be associated with a poor prognosis.

Diagnosis

Polymicrogyria is typically diagnosed by MRI, which can show the characteristic abnormalities in the brain's surface. However, the diagnosis can also be suggested by ultrasound during pregnancy, or by clinical findings (such as developmental delay or seizures) after birth.

Treatment

There is no cure for polymicrogyria. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Seizures can be treated with medications, and physical and occupational therapy can help to improve motor skills and coordination. Speech therapy may be beneficial for some individuals. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to treat associated conditions, such as hydrocephalus.

See also

• Cerebral cortex
• Developmental disorder
• Neurology

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  Polymicrogyria with arrows indicating affected areas
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  Polymicrogyria
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  GPR56 gene related to Polymicrogyria