Bicycles

Bicycles

A bicycle, also known as a bike, is a human-powered or motor-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century in Europe and, as of the 21st century, number approximately one billion worldwide. They are the principal means of transportation in many regions.

History

The history of the bicycle began in the 19th century. The first verifiable claim for a practically used bicycle belongs to German Baron Karl von Drais, who invented his Laufmaschine in 1817. This was the first commercially successful two-wheeled, steerable, human-propelled machine, commonly called a "dandy horse" or "hobby horse".

Development

The 1860s and 1870s saw the development of the "velocipede" or "boneshaker", which was followed by the "penny-farthing" or "ordinary" bicycle. The 1880s brought the "safety bicycle", which had a chain drive and two wheels of equal size, making it more stable and easier to ride.

Types of Bicycles

Bicycles come in various types, each designed for specific purposes:

• Road bicycles: Designed for traveling at speed on paved roads.
• Mountain bicycles: Built for off-road cycling.
• Hybrid bicycles: A blend of road and mountain bikes, suitable for general-purpose riding over various terrains.
• Touring bicycles: Designed for long-distance travel.
• Electric bicycles: Equipped with an electric motor to assist with pedaling.

Components

A typical bicycle consists of several key components:

• Frame: The main structure to which all other components are attached.
• Wheels: Comprising rims, spokes, and tires.
• Drivetrain: Includes pedals, cranks, chainrings, chain, and rear sprockets.
• Brakes: Used to slow down or stop the bicycle.
• Handlebars: For steering and control.

Health Benefits

Cycling is an excellent form of exercise that can improve cardiovascular health, increase muscle strength and flexibility, and enhance joint mobility. It is also associated with reduced stress levels and improved mental well-being.

Environmental Impact

Bicycles are an environmentally friendly mode of transportation. They produce no emissions and require significantly less energy to manufacture and maintain compared to motor vehicles. Cycling reduces traffic congestion and noise pollution in urban areas.

Safety

While cycling is generally safe, it is important to follow safety guidelines:

• Wear a helmet to protect against head injuries.
• Use lights and reflective gear when riding at night.
• Follow traffic rules and signals.
• Be aware of your surroundings and watch for vehicles and pedestrians.

See Also

• Cycling
• Bicycle commuting
• Bicycle safety

References

• Herlihy, David V. Bicycle: The History. Yale University Press, 2004.
• Wilson, David Gordon. Bicycling Science. MIT Press, 2004.

External Links

• Bicycling Magazine
• Cycling UK