Conjunctiva

Conjunctiva is a thin, clear, moist membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the white part of the eye, known as the sclera. It helps to lubricate the eye by producing mucus and tears, although it produces a much smaller amount than the lacrimal gland. It also helps to prevent the entrance of microbes into the eye.

Anatomy

The conjunctiva is divided into three parts:

1. Palpebral conjunctiva: This lines the inner surface of the eyelids.
2. Bulbar conjunctiva: This covers the anterior part of the sclera (the white of the eye).
3. Fornix conjunctiva: This is the transition part that folds back onto itself and connects the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva.

Function

The conjunctiva plays a key role in serving as a barrier to protect the eye from external threats such as microbes and dust. It does this by producing mucus and tears which help to wash away debris. The conjunctiva also contains cells that produce components of the immune system, such as lymphocytes.

Diseases and Conditions

There are several diseases and conditions that can affect the conjunctiva, including:

1. Conjunctivitis: This is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, often referred to as "pink eye".
2. Pterygium: This is a non-cancerous growth that develops on the conjunctiva and can grow onto the cornea.
3. Dry eye syndrome: This occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears for adequate lubrication.

Treatment

Treatment for conjunctival conditions depends on the specific disease or condition. Conjunctivitis, for example, is usually treated with antibiotic eye drops. Pterygium may require surgical removal if it interferes with vision. Dry eye syndrome can often be managed with artificial tears or medications to stimulate tear production.

See Also

• Eye
• Cornea
• Sclera
• Lacrimal gland

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