Trillium erectum

Species of flowering plant

Trillium erectum, commonly known as the red trillium, wake-robin, or stinking Benjamin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to the eastern regions of North America, particularly in the Appalachian Mountains and the Great Lakes area.

Description

Trillium erectum is a perennial herbaceous plant that typically grows to a height of 20 to 40 cm. The plant features a single, erect stem with a whorl of three broad, ovate leaves. The leaves are sessile and have a prominent venation pattern. The flower, which blooms in spring, is characterized by three dark red to maroon petals, although color variations such as white and pink exist. The petals are accompanied by three green sepals and a cluster of six stamens.

The plant emits a distinctive odor, often described as similar to rotting meat, which attracts its primary pollinators, carrion flies. This adaptation aids in the plant's reproductive process.

Habitat

Trillium erectum thrives in rich, moist, and well-drained soils, often found in deciduous forests. It prefers shaded areas and is commonly found in the understory of hardwood forests. The plant is adapted to a temperate climate and is sensitive to habitat disturbance.

Distribution

The species is distributed across eastern North America, from Quebec and Ontario in Canada to the northern parts of Georgia and Alabama in the United States. It is particularly abundant in the Appalachian Mountains and the Great Lakes region.

Conservation

While Trillium erectum is not currently listed as threatened, its populations are affected by habitat loss due to logging, urban development, and the encroachment of invasive species. Conservation efforts focus on habitat preservation and the control of invasive species to ensure the survival of this and other native trillium species.

Gallery

• 
  Trillium erectum in Stephen's Gulch Conservation Area
• 
  Close-up of red trillium flower
• 
  Comparison of red and white color varieties
• 
  White variety of Trillium erectum

Related pages

• Trillium
• Melanthiaceae
• Appalachian Mountains

References

• Case, F. W., & Case, R. B. (1997). Trilliums. Timber Press.
• Gleason, H. A., & Cronquist, A. (1991). Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden.