Imipenem/cilastatin

Imipenem/cilastatin is a combination medication that includes imipenem, a beta-lactam antibiotic, and cilastatin, a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor. This combination is used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections.

Mechanism of Action

Imipenem works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to cell death. Cilastatin prevents the degradation of imipenem in the kidneys, thereby increasing its concentration and effectiveness in the body.

Indications

Imipenem/cilastatin is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including those caused by gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and anaerobic bacteria. It is particularly effective against infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides species.

Side Effects

Common side effects of imipenem/cilastatin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash. More serious side effects can include seizures, allergic reactions, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

Contraindications

Imipenem/cilastatin is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any component of the product, including imipenem, cilastatin, or the product's vehicle.

Drug Interactions

Imipenem/cilastatin can interact with a number of other medications, including valproic acid, ganciclovir, and probenecid. These interactions can lead to increased risk of side effects or decreased effectiveness of the medications.

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of imipenem/cilastatin is determined by the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's renal function. It is administered intravenously.

References

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