Hirudin

Hirudin is a naturally occurring peptide in the salivary glands of medicinal leeches (such as Hirudo medicinalis) that has a blood anticoagulant property. This peptide is one of the most potent natural inhibitors of thrombin.

History

Hirudin was first isolated from the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis in the early 20th century. It was identified as a potent anticoagulant by the German physiologist Ferdinand Sommering in 1884. The discovery of hirudin revolutionized the field of hematology and cardiology, as it provided a new, natural tool for the prevention of blood clotting.

Structure and Function

Hirudin is a single-chain peptide made up of 65 amino acids. It binds to thrombin, a key enzyme in the process of blood clotting, and inhibits its activity. This makes hirudin a potent anticoagulant. The binding of hirudin to thrombin is one of the strongest known protein-protein interactions.

Medical Uses

Hirudin is used in medicine to prevent blood clots from forming in patients who are at high risk for such events. It is particularly useful in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, as well as in patients undergoing certain types of surgeries that carry a high risk of blood clot formation.

Side Effects

As with any medication, hirudin can have side effects. The most common side effect is bleeding. Other side effects can include allergic reactions, fever, and anemia.

See Also

• Anticoagulant
• Thrombin
• Deep vein thrombosis
• Pulmonary embolism

References

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