Electrical alternans

Electrical alternans is a phenomenon in electrocardiography where there is a variation in the amplitude or axis of the QRS complex in an alternating pattern. This condition is often associated with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, and can be a sign of severe cardiac disease.

Overview

Electrical alternans is characterized by alternating changes in the amplitude or axis of the QRS complex on an electrocardiogram. This can be seen in conditions such as pericardial effusion, where fluid accumulates around the heart, and cardiac tamponade, a serious condition where the heart is compressed by the fluid.

Causes

The most common cause of electrical alternans is pericardial effusion. Other causes can include:

• Cardiac tamponade
• Severe heart failure
• Pulmonary embolism
• Myocardial infarction

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of electrical alternans is typically made through electrocardiography. The alternating pattern of the QRS complex is a key indicator of this condition.

Treatment

Treatment for electrical alternans focuses on addressing the underlying cause. This can include draining the fluid from around the heart in cases of pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade, or treating the heart failure or pulmonary embolism.

See also

• Electrocardiography
• Pericardial effusion
• Cardiac tamponade
• Heart failure
• Pulmonary embolism
• Myocardial infarction

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