Dexmedetomidine

Dexmedetomidine is a sedative medication used by healthcare professionals to reduce pain and anxiety. It is often used in the intensive care unit (ICU) to sedate patients who are on a ventilator. Dexmedetomidine works by slowing activity in the brain and nervous system.

Uses

Dexmedetomidine is used in a hospital setting for:

• Sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU)
• Procedural sedation (for example, during a bronchoscopy, endoscopy, or other diagnostic procedures)
• As an adjunct to anesthesia

Side Effects

Like all medications, dexmedetomidine can cause side effects. These may include:

• Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Slow heart rate (bradycardia)
• Dry mouth
• Nausea
• Fever

Contraindications

Dexmedetomidine should not be used in people with:

• Severe heart block, unless they have a functioning pacemaker
• Allergy to dexmedetomidine or any of its components

Interactions

Dexmedetomidine can interact with other medications, including:

• Beta blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Digoxin

Pharmacology

Dexmedetomidine is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. This means it binds to alpha-2 receptors in the brain, leading to a decrease in sympathetic activity and an increase in parasympathetic activity. This results in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure.

History

Dexmedetomidine was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1999.

See Also

• Sedative
• Intensive care unit
• Anesthesia

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