Placenta praevia

Placenta praevia is a condition in pregnancy where the placenta attaches itself in the lower part of the uterus near to or covering the cervix. It is a leading cause of Antepartum haemorrhage (bleeding in late pregnancy).

Causes

The exact cause of placenta praevia is unknown, but it is more common in women who have had a previous Caesarean section, a higher number of pregnancies, are older, and in those who smoke or have had a surgical procedure on their uterus such as a Dilation and curettage.

Symptoms

The main symptom of placenta praevia is painless bleeding from the vagina during the second half of pregnancy. Other symptoms may include premature birth and baby in breech position.

Diagnosis

Placenta praevia is usually diagnosed during a routine Ultrasound scan in the second trimester of pregnancy. If placenta praevia is suspected, a follow-up scan is usually performed at 32 weeks.

Treatment

The treatment for placenta praevia depends on the extent of the placenta covering the cervix and the gestational age of the fetus. If the placenta is completely covering the cervix, a Caesarean section is usually performed. If the placenta is not completely covering the cervix, a vaginal delivery may be possible.

Complications

Complications of placenta praevia can include premature birth, baby in breech position, Antepartum haemorrhage, and postpartum haemorrhage.

See also

• Placenta accreta
• Placenta increta
• Placenta percreta

References

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