Splanchnic nerves

Splanchnic nerves are paired visceral nerves (nerves that contribute to the innervation of the internal organs), carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system (visceral efferent fibers) as well as sensory fibers from the organs (visceral afferent fibers). All carry sympathetic fibers except for the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which carry parasympathetic fibers.

Etymology

The term "splanchnic" comes from the Greek word "splanchna," which means "entrails" or "internal organs." This reflects the nerves' function in innervating the body's internal organs.

Types of Splanchnic Nerves

There are several types of splanchnic nerves, including:

• Thoracic splanchnic nerves: These nerves include the greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves. They arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel to the celiac ganglion and superior mesenteric ganglion.
• Lumbar splanchnic nerves: These nerves arise from the sympathetic trunk in the lumbar region and travel to the inferior mesenteric ganglion.
• Sacral splanchnic nerves: These nerves arise from the sympathetic trunk in the sacral region and travel to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
• Pelvic splanchnic nerves: These nerves arise from the second, third, and fourth sacral spinal nerves and carry parasympathetic fibers to the hindgut.

Function

The splanchnic nerves are responsible for innervating the viscera, carrying sympathetic fibers to the body's internal organs. The specific functions of the splanchnic nerves vary depending on the region of the body they serve. For example, the thoracic splanchnic nerves are involved in the regulation of heart rate and blood pressure, while the lumbar splanchnic nerves are involved in the regulation of the digestive system.

Clinical Significance

Damage to the splanchnic nerves can result in a variety of disorders, including splanchnic nerve neuropathy, which can cause severe abdominal pain. Treatment for this condition may include nerve blocks or surgical removal of the affected nerves.

See Also

• Autonomic nervous system
• Sympathetic nervous system
• Parasympathetic nervous system

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