Galliformes

Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkey, grouse, chicken, New World quail and Old World quail, ptarmigan, partridge, pheasant, francolin, junglefowl and the Cracidae. The name derives from "gallus", Latin for "cock" or "rooster".

Characteristics

Galliformes are a group of medium to large terrestrial birds. They are variable in size but generally plump, with broad and relatively short wings. Many have a spur on their legs, a feature shared only with guineafowl and Old World spur fowl. The bill is short and generally strong, particularly in species that dig for food.

Distribution and habitat

Galliformes are found across the globe, but are most commonly found in the tropics. They are not found in the polar regions or many oceanic islands. Many species are game birds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

Behavior and ecology

These birds are particularly noted for their elaborate courtship rituals. Many have complex social systems with a clear hierarchy.

Taxonomy

The Galliformes are divided into five families: Megapodiidae, Cracidae, Numididae, Odontophoridae, and Phasianidae.

Conservation

Many Galliformes species are threatened by habitat loss, hunting, and other factors. Conservation efforts are underway for many of these species.

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