USS Constitution

USS Constitution fires a 17-gun salute

USS Constitution crest

USS Constitution fires its cannons as it is tugged through Boston Harbor. (51200023793) (cropped)

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Burning of the uss philadelphia

Bombardment of Tripoli, 3 August 1804

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy. She is the world's oldest ship still afloat. Constitution was launched in 1797, one of six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 and the third constructed. The name "Constitution" was among ten names submitted to President George Washington by Secretary of War Timothy Pickering in March 1795. She was built at Edmund Hartt's shipyard in the North End, Boston, Massachusetts. Her first duties were to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi-War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Design and Construction

The design of the USS Constitution was based on the ideas of Joshua Humphreys, who designed the original six frigates. These ships were larger and more heavily armed than standard frigates of the period. The Constitution's hull was constructed from a combination of white oak, live oak, and pine, making her exceptionally strong. Her copper sheathing was provided by Paul Revere.

Early Service

Constitution's first duties included the protection of American merchant ships during the Quasi-War with France. She captured numerous French vessels and provided a significant boost to American morale. During the First Barbary War, she played a crucial role in defeating the Barbary pirates, which helped to secure safe passage for American ships in the Mediterranean.

War of 1812

The USS Constitution is perhaps best known for her actions during the War of 1812 against Great Britain. She earned the nickname "Old Ironsides" during this conflict after cannonballs were seen bouncing off her wooden hull. Her most famous victory came against the HMS Guerriere on August 19, 1812. This battle demonstrated the effectiveness of American naval power and boosted national pride.

Later Service and Preservation

After the War of 1812, Constitution continued to serve in various capacities, including as a training ship and in anti-slavery patrols. By the 1830s, she was in need of significant repairs, and a public campaign led to her restoration. She served as a training ship during the American Civil War and continued to be an active part of the Navy until she was retired from active service in 1881.

In the 20th century, the Constitution underwent several restorations to preserve her as a symbol of American naval heritage. She was designated a museum ship in 1907 and continues to be a popular tourist attraction in Boston, Massachusetts.

Current Status

Today, the USS Constitution is berthed at the Charlestown Navy Yard in Boston. She is maintained by the U.S. Navy and is open to the public for tours. The ship also participates in ceremonial events and educational programs.

Related Pages

• Naval Act of 1794
• Joshua Humphreys
• Quasi-War
• First Barbary War
• War of 1812
• HMS Guerriere
• Charlestown Navy Yard