IL-2 receptor
IL-2 receptor is a type of protein found on the surface of certain types of immune cells, including T lymphocytes. It binds to a substance called interleukin-2 (IL-2), which triggers these cells to divide and grow. Some forms of immunotherapy for cancer may work by blocking the action of IL-2, thereby preventing the growth of T cells and, in turn, slowing the growth of the cancer.
Structure
The IL-2 receptor is composed of three chains: alpha (CD25), beta (CD122), and gamma (CD132). The gamma chain is shared with other receptors such as IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21 receptors.
Function
The IL-2 receptor is involved in cell signaling and helps regulate the activities of white blood cells that are responsible for immunity. The receptor is present on the surface of the T cells, where it plays a crucial role in the activation and growth of T cells.
Clinical significance
Abnormalities in the IL-2 receptor have been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, elevated levels of soluble IL-2 receptor in the blood can be indicative of certain types of lymphoma.
Therapeutic use
Several drugs have been developed that target the IL-2 receptor, including basiliximab and daclizumab, which are used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. These drugs work by blocking the action of IL-2 on its receptor, thereby suppressing the immune response.
See also
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