Dexmethylphenidate

Dexmethylphenidate

File:Dexmethylphenidate structure.svg

Chemical structure of Dexmethylphenidate

Dexmethylphenidate is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication primarily used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is the active dextrorotatory enantiomer of methylphenidate, which means it is one of the two mirror-image forms of the compound, specifically the more pharmacologically active form.

Pharmacology

Dexmethylphenidate works by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which increases the concentration of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. This action enhances neurotransmission and is thought to contribute to its therapeutic effects in ADHD.

The drug is available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations. The extended-release form allows for once-daily dosing, which can improve compliance in patients who might otherwise need to take multiple doses throughout the day.

Medical Uses

Dexmethylphenidate is primarily prescribed for the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. It helps increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in patients diagnosed with ADHD. It is also used off-label for the treatment of narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.

Side Effects

Common side effects of dexmethylphenidate include:

• Insomnia
• Appetite loss
• Nervousness
• Nausea
• Headache

Serious side effects can include:

• Cardiovascular issues such as increased heart rate and blood pressure
• Psychiatric symptoms such as mood swings, aggression, or hallucinations

Contraindications

Dexmethylphenidate is contraindicated in individuals with:

• Known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or any of its components
• Glaucoma
• Severe anxiety, tension, or agitation
• Tourette syndrome or a family history of Tourette syndrome

Mechanism of Action

File:Dextromethylphenidate-based-on-hydrochloride-xtal-1995-3D-balls.png

3D model of Dextromethylphenidate

Dexmethylphenidate acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). By blocking the reuptake of these neurotransmitters, it increases their availability in the brain, which is believed to improve attention and focus in individuals with ADHD.

Dosage and Administration

Dexmethylphenidate is available in tablet form and is typically taken orally. The dosage is individualized based on the patient's needs and response to the medication. It is important to follow the prescribing physician's instructions and not to exceed the recommended dose.

Related Pages

• Methylphenidate
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• Central nervous system stimulants