Bulbourethral gland

Bulbourethral Gland

Bulbourethral gland

The bulbourethral glands, also known as Cowper's glands, are a pair of small exocrine glands in the male reproductive system. They are homologous to the Bartholin's glands in females. These glands are responsible for producing a pre-ejaculate fluid that is released during sexual arousal.

Anatomy

Male reproductive system

The bulbourethral glands are located posterior and lateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis. Each gland is approximately the size of a pea and is situated within the urogenital diaphragm. The ducts of the bulbourethral glands open into the spongy urethra at the base of the penis.

Function

Pre-ejaculate fluid

The primary function of the bulbourethral glands is to secrete a clear, viscous fluid known as pre-ejaculate. This fluid serves several purposes:

• Lubrication: It lubricates the urethra for the passage of sperm during ejaculation.
• Neutralization: It helps to neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra, creating a more favorable environment for sperm.
• Protection: The fluid may help protect sperm by reducing friction during ejaculation.

Histology

Bulbourethral gland under very high magnification

Histologically, the bulbourethral glands are composed of several lobules, each containing acini lined by columnar epithelial cells. These cells are responsible for the production of the gland's secretions. The glands are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and are richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves.

Clinical Significance

The bulbourethral glands can be involved in certain medical conditions. Infections or inflammation of these glands can lead to a condition known as bulbourethritis. Additionally, cysts or tumors, although rare, can develop in the glands and may require medical intervention.

Related Pages

• Prostate gland
• Seminal vesicle
• Male reproductive system
• Urethra

Illustration of the penis

See Also

• 

  Diagram of the prostatic urethra

• 

  Anatomy of the male pelvis

• 

  Male anatomy overview