Chelidonium majus

A perennial herb used in traditional medicine

Chelidonium majus, commonly known as greater celandine, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Papaveraceae family. It is native to Europe and western Asia and has been widely introduced in North America. The plant is notable for its use in traditional medicine and its distinctive yellow-orange latex.

Description

Chelidonium majus is a herbaceous perennial that can grow up to 30–120 cm tall. The plant has a branched stem and lobed leaves that are deeply divided. The leaves are a pale green color and have a distinctive, unpleasant odor when crushed.

The flowers of Chelidonium majus are small, yellow, and consist of four petals. They are arranged in loose clusters and bloom from late spring to early autumn. The fruit is a slender capsule that releases numerous small black seeds.

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Chelidonium majus flower

Distribution and Habitat

Chelidonium majus is native to Europe and western Asia but has been naturalized in North America. It typically grows in shaded, moist environments such as woodlands, hedgerows, and along roadsides. The plant prefers nutrient-rich soils and can often be found in disturbed areas.

Traditional Uses

Chelidonium majus has a long history of use in traditional medicine. The plant's latex, which is bright yellow to orange, has been used topically to treat warts, corns, and other skin conditions. Internally, it has been used as a remedy for liver and gallbladder disorders, although its use is controversial due to potential toxicity.

The plant contains several alkaloids, including chelidonine, sanguinarine, and berberine, which are believed to contribute to its medicinal properties. However, these compounds can also be toxic, and the use of Chelidonium majus should be approached with caution.

Pharmacology

The alkaloids present in Chelidonium majus have been studied for their pharmacological effects. Chelidonine, for example, has been investigated for its potential antispasmodic and analgesic properties. Sanguinarine has shown antimicrobial activity, but it is also known to be a potent irritant and can cause tissue damage.

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Chelidonium majus plant in habitat

Safety and Toxicity

While Chelidonium majus has been used in traditional medicine, it is important to note that the plant can be toxic if used improperly. The latex can cause skin irritation, and ingestion of the plant can lead to gastrointestinal distress, liver damage, and other adverse effects. It is recommended that the plant be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.

Related Pages

• Papaveraceae
• Traditional medicine
• Herbalism