Lynch

Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is a type of inherited cancer syndrome associated with a genetic predisposition to different cancer types. This means people with Lynch syndrome have a higher risk of certain types of cancer.

Causes

Lynch syndrome is caused by mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and EPCAM. These genes are involved in repairing mistakes that occur when DNA is copied (DNA replication) in preparation for cell division.

Symptoms

People with Lynch syndrome may not have any signs or symptoms. However, they have a higher risk of developing certain types of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer. Other cancers associated with Lynch syndrome include ovarian, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder ducts, upper urinary tract, brain, and skin.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Lynch syndrome may be suspected based on a person's family history of cancer. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis. This involves analyzing a sample of blood to look for mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes.

Treatment

There is no cure for Lynch syndrome, but regular screening can help detect cancer early, when it is most treatable. This may include regular colonoscopies, endometrial biopsies, and other tests.

See also

• Colorectal cancer
• Endometrial cancer
• Genetic testing
• DNA mismatch repair

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