Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity
Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) is a condition characterized by adverse reactions to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, in individuals who do not have celiac disease or wheat allergy. The symptoms of NCGS are similar to those of celiac disease, but the overall clinical picture is less severe.
Definition and Classification
Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) is a syndrome characterized by intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food, in subjects that are not affected by either celiac disease or wheat allergy. This condition is currently included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders.
Symptoms
The symptoms of NCGS are often similar to those of celiac disease, including abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, "foggy mind", rash or headache. However, there are also unique symptoms that distinguish NCGS, such as behavioral changes, bone or joint pain, muscle cramps, leg numbness, weight loss and chronic fatigue.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of NCGS is generally made by exclusion, that is, by ruling out other possible causes of the patient's symptoms. The gluten challenge is currently the most specific diagnostic test for NCGS, but there is no consensus on the optimal duration of the challenge.
Treatment
The main treatment for NCGS is a strict gluten-free diet, which should be followed under the supervision of a healthcare professional. It is important to note that a gluten-free diet is not without risks, as it may lead to deficiencies in certain nutrients.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of NCGS is not well established, but it is believed to be significantly higher than that of celiac disease. Some studies suggest that NCGS may affect between 0.6% and 6% of the general population.
See Also
References
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