Ficus religiosa

Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina that belongs to the Moraceae, the fig or mulberry family. It is also known as the bodhi tree, pippala tree, peepul tree, peepal tree or ashwattha tree (in India and Nepal).

Description

Ficus religiosa is a large dry season-deciduous or semi-evergreen tree up to 30 metres (98 ft) tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 3 metres (9.8 ft). The leaves are cordate in shape with a distinctive extended drip tip; they are 10–17 cm long and 8–12 cm broad, with a 6–10 cm petiole. The fruits are small figs 1–1.5 cm in diameter, green ripening to purple.

Cultural significance

Ficus religiosa is associated with Buddhism and Hinduism, as it is considered sacred by followers of these religions. The Buddha is traditionally believed to have found enlightenment while meditating under a Ficus religiosa. The tree is often planted by devotees in Buddhist and Hindu temples.

Cultivation and uses

Ficus religiosa is grown by specialty tree plant nurseries for use as an ornamental tree, in gardens and parks in tropical and subtropical climates. It is propagated from cuttings, seeds, and by air layering. Its leaves serve as a significant part of the diet of the common Indian flying fox, and its fruit provides food for various birds and mammals.

Conservation status

While Ficus religiosa is abundant in its native areas, it is considered a vulnerable species in some regions due to habitat loss and over-harvesting for its timber and for medicinal uses.

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