Retroperitoneal space

Retroperitoneal space is an anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind the peritoneum. It is located between the posterior parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall. The retroperitoneal space contains several important structures, including the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, and major blood vessels such as the aorta and inferior vena cava.

Anatomy

The retroperitoneal space is divided into the anterior and posterior pararenal spaces and the perirenal space. The anterior pararenal space contains the pancreas, ascending and descending colon, and the second to fourth parts of the duodenum. The posterior pararenal space is a fat-filled space. The perirenal space contains the kidneys and adrenal glands.

Clinical significance

The retroperitoneal space is clinically significant because it is a potential space for the spread of disease. Conditions that can affect the retroperitoneal space include retroperitoneal fibrosis, retroperitoneal abscess, and retroperitoneal hematoma. Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disease that is characterized by the presence of inflammatory and fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneal space. Retroperitoneal abscess is a collection of pus in the retroperitoneal space, which can be caused by a variety of conditions, including appendicitis, diverticulitis, and renal infection. Retroperitoneal hematoma is a collection of blood in the retroperitoneal space, which can be caused by trauma, anticoagulation therapy, or a ruptured aortic aneurysm.