Epicureanism
Epicureanism is an ancient school of philosophy that was founded by Epicurus in the 4th century BC. Epicureanism was originally based in the Garden, a community established by Epicurus in Athens. The philosophy of Epicureanism emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain as the ultimate goal of life.
Philosophy
Epicureanism is based on the teachings of Epicurus, who believed that the greatest good is to seek modest pleasures in order to attain a state of tranquility and freedom from fear, as well as absence of bodily pain. This state is referred to as 'Ataraxia'. Epicurus also taught that the gods, while they do exist, have no involvement in human affairs and do not punish or reward people for their actions.
Ethics
Epicurean ethics is a form of hedonism, although it is not the pursuit of any and all pleasure that Epicurus advocated, but rather the pursuit of pleasure through tranquility, modesty, and limiting one's desires. Epicurus argued that most of the pain that humans experience is the result of their desires, and that by limiting these desires, one can greatly reduce their amount of suffering.
Physics
Epicureanism also includes a comprehensive physical theory. Epicurus was an atomist, following in the footsteps of Democritus. He believed that the universe is infinite and eternal and that all things are composed of extremely small, invisible particles known as 'atoms' that are eternally in motion.
Legacy
Epicureanism was popular throughout the ancient world, and its influence continued into the modern era. It has been a major influence on many philosophers and writers, including Thomas Jefferson, who referred to himself as an Epicurean.
See also
References
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