Lentigo

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Lentigo
Synonyms	Lentigines
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Small, pigmented spots on the skin
Complications	None
Onset	Childhood or adulthood
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Sun exposure, genetic factors
Risks	Ultraviolet radiation, fair skin
Diagnosis	Physical examination, dermoscopy
Differential diagnosis	Freckle, melanoma, seborrheic keratosis
Prevention	Sun protection, sunscreen
Treatment	Cryotherapy, laser therapy, topical retinoids
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Benign
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Close-up view of a lentigo.

Lentigo

Lentigo refers to a small, pigmented flat or slightly raised spot on the skin with a clearly defined edge. It resembles a freckle but is darker in color and does not fade in the winter. These spots are caused by an increased number of melanocytes, the skin cells that produce pigment.

Introduction

Lentigines (plural of lentigo) are benign lesions, meaning they are non-cancerous. However, they can sometimes be confused with melanoma, a type of skin cancer, due to their dark pigmentation. It's essential to differentiate between the two and seek medical evaluation for any suspicious lesions.

Types of Lentigo

There are several different types of lentigines, including:

• Simple Lentigo: The most common type, often appearing in childhood.
• Solar Lentigo: Also known as sun spots, liver spots, or age spots, these appear in older adults due to sun exposure.
• Lentigo Maligna: A type of in-situ melanoma. This form can progress to invasive melanoma if not treated.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation: Sun exposure can lead to the development of solar lentigines.
• Genetics: Some individuals may inherit a tendency to develop lentigines.
• Age: Older adults are more prone to developing certain types of lentigo, like solar lentigo.

Diagnosis

A dermatologist can typically diagnose lentigo through a visual examination. However, if there's any doubt, a skin biopsy might be performed to differentiate between a benign lentigo and melanoma.

Treatment

While lentigines are benign and do not require treatment, some people opt for removal due to cosmetic reasons. Treatment options include:

• Cryotherapy: Freezing the spot with liquid nitrogen.
• Laser therapy: Using intense light to break up the pigment.
• Topical treatments: Creams or gels that lighten the spot.

Prevention

Protecting the skin from the sun's harmful UV rays can prevent the formation of solar lentigines. This includes wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours.

See Also

• Melanocyte
• Melanoma
• Skin pigmentation
• Ultraviolet radiation

External Links

• American Academy of Dermatology on Lentigo

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