Pyloric stenosis: Difference between revisions
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Pyloric | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
[[File:Gray1046.svg| | | name = Pyloric stenosis | ||
| image = [[File:Gray1046.svg|200px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram of the stomach, showing the pylorus at the lower right | |||
| field = [[Gastroenterology]] | |||
| synonyms = Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) | |||
| symptoms = [[Projectile vomiting]], [[dehydration]], weight loss | |||
| complications = [[Electrolyte imbalance]], [[malnutrition]] | |||
| onset = 2 to 12 weeks of age | |||
| duration = Chronic without treatment | |||
| causes = Unknown, possibly genetic and environmental factors | |||
| risks = Male sex, family history, [[macrolide]] antibiotics | |||
| diagnosis = [[Ultrasound]], [[barium swallow]] | |||
| differential = [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]], [[intestinal atresia]], [[metabolic disorders]] | |||
| treatment = [[Pyloromyotomy]] | |||
| medication = [[Atropine]] (rarely used) | |||
| prognosis = Excellent with treatment | |||
| frequency = 1 to 4 per 1,000 live births | |||
}} | |||
'''Pyloric stenosis''' is a condition in which the opening between the stomach and small intestine thickens. This condition can lead to severe vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss. It is most commonly seen in infants. | '''Pyloric stenosis''' is a condition in which the opening between the stomach and small intestine thickens. This condition can lead to severe vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss. It is most commonly seen in infants. | ||
==Signs and Symptoms== | ==Signs and Symptoms== | ||
[[File:Pyloric-stenosisLocal.jpg|left|thumb|Ultrasound image showing pyloric stenosis.]] | |||
[[File:Pyloric-stenosisLocal.jpg|thumb | |||
The primary symptom of pyloric stenosis is projectile vomiting, which typically occurs after feeding. Other symptoms may include: | The primary symptom of pyloric stenosis is projectile vomiting, which typically occurs after feeding. Other symptoms may include: | ||
* Dehydration | * Dehydration | ||
* Weight loss | * Weight loss | ||
* Constant hunger | * Constant hunger | ||
* Stomach contractions | * Stomach contractions | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The exact cause of pyloric stenosis is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is more common in males than females and tends to run in families. | The exact cause of pyloric stenosis is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is more common in males than females and tends to run in families. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of pyloric stenosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. An [[ultrasound]] is often used to confirm the diagnosis by showing the thickened pylorus. | Diagnosis of pyloric stenosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. An [[ultrasound]] is often used to confirm the diagnosis by showing the thickened pylorus. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
[[File:Pyloromyotomie.jpg|left|thumb|Surgical procedure of pyloromyotomy.]] | |||
[[File:Pyloromyotomie.jpg|thumb | |||
The standard treatment for pyloric stenosis is a surgical procedure called [[pyloromyotomy]]. This procedure involves splitting the muscle of the pylorus to relieve the obstruction. | The standard treatment for pyloric stenosis is a surgical procedure called [[pyloromyotomy]]. This procedure involves splitting the muscle of the pylorus to relieve the obstruction. | ||
===Surgical Procedure=== | ===Surgical Procedure=== | ||
[[File:PyloricStenosisHorizontal.jpg|left|thumb|Illustration of pyloric stenosis.]] | |||
[[File:PyloricStenosisHorizontal.jpg|thumb | |||
The pyloromyotomy can be performed as an open surgery or laparoscopically. The laparoscopic approach is less invasive and involves smaller incisions. | The pyloromyotomy can be performed as an open surgery or laparoscopically. The laparoscopic approach is less invasive and involves smaller incisions. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
With appropriate surgical treatment, the prognosis for infants with pyloric stenosis is excellent. Most infants recover quickly and have no long-term complications. | With appropriate surgical treatment, the prognosis for infants with pyloric stenosis is excellent. Most infants recover quickly and have no long-term complications. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Gastrointestinal tract]] | * [[Gastrointestinal tract]] | ||
* [[Infant vomiting]] | * [[Infant vomiting]] | ||
* [[Dehydration]] | * [[Dehydration]] | ||
[[Category:Digestive system disorders]] | [[Category:Digestive system disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
Revision as of 15:49, 12 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Pyloric stenosis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Projectile vomiting, dehydration, weight loss |
| Complications | Electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition |
| Onset | 2 to 12 weeks of age |
| Duration | Chronic without treatment |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly genetic and environmental factors |
| Risks | Male sex, family history, macrolide antibiotics |
| Diagnosis | Ultrasound, barium swallow |
| Differential diagnosis | Gastroesophageal reflux disease, intestinal atresia, metabolic disorders |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Pyloromyotomy |
| Medication | Atropine (rarely used) |
| Prognosis | Excellent with treatment |
| Frequency | 1 to 4 per 1,000 live births |
| Deaths | N/A |
Pyloric stenosis is a condition in which the opening between the stomach and small intestine thickens. This condition can lead to severe vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss. It is most commonly seen in infants.
Signs and Symptoms
The primary symptom of pyloric stenosis is projectile vomiting, which typically occurs after feeding. Other symptoms may include:
- Dehydration
- Weight loss
- Constant hunger
- Stomach contractions
Causes
The exact cause of pyloric stenosis is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is more common in males than females and tends to run in families.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of pyloric stenosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. An ultrasound is often used to confirm the diagnosis by showing the thickened pylorus.
Treatment
The standard treatment for pyloric stenosis is a surgical procedure called pyloromyotomy. This procedure involves splitting the muscle of the pylorus to relieve the obstruction.
Surgical Procedure
The pyloromyotomy can be performed as an open surgery or laparoscopically. The laparoscopic approach is less invasive and involves smaller incisions.
Prognosis
With appropriate surgical treatment, the prognosis for infants with pyloric stenosis is excellent. Most infants recover quickly and have no long-term complications.
